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+MAN(1)                          Manual pager utils                          MAN(1)
+
+
+
+NAME
+       man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       man  [-C  file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L locale]
+       [-m  system[,...]]   [-M   path]   [-S   list]   [-e   extension]   [-i|-I]
+       [--regex|--wildcard]  [--names-only]  [-a]  [-u] [--no-subpages] [-P pager]
+       [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [--no-hyphenation] [--no-justification]  [-p
+       string]   [-t]   [-T[device]]   [-H[browser]]   [-X[dpi]]  [-Z]  [[section]
+       page ...] ...
+       man -k [apropos options] regexp ...
+       man -K [-w|-W] [-S list] [-i|-I] [--regex] [section] term ...
+       man -f [whatis options] page ...
+       man -l [-C  file]  [-d]  [-D]  [--warnings[=warnings]]  [-R  encoding]  [-L
+       locale]  [-P  pager]  [-r  prompt]  [-7]  [-E  encoding]  [-p  string] [-t]
+       [-T[device]] [-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] file ...
+       man -w|-W [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
+       man -c [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
+       man [-?V]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       man is the system's manual pager. Each page argument given to man  is  nor‐
+       mally  the name of a program, utility or function.  The manual page associ‐
+       ated with each of these arguments is then found and displayed.  A  section,
+       if  provided,  will  direct man to look only in that section of the manual.
+       The default action is to search in all of the available sections  following
+       a  pre-defined  order ("1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 5 4 9 6 7" by default,
+       unless overridden by the SECTION directive in /etc/manpath.config), and  to
+       show only the first page found, even if page exists in several sections.
+
+       The  table  below  shows  the section numbers of the manual followed by the
+       types of pages they contain.
+
+
+       1   Executable programs or shell commands
+       2   System calls (functions provided by the kernel)
+       3   Library calls (functions within program libraries)
+       4   Special files (usually found in /dev)
+       5   File formats and conventions eg /etc/passwd
+       6   Games
+       7   Miscellaneous (including macro packages and conventions), e.g.  man(7),
+           groff(7)
+       8   System administration commands (usually only for root)
+       9   Kernel routines [Non standard]
+
+       A manual page consists of several sections.
+
+       Conventional  section names include NAME, SYNOPSIS, CONFIGURATION, DESCRIP‐
+       TION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, ENVIRONMENT, FILES,  VER‐
+       SIONS, CONFORMING TO, NOTES, BUGS, EXAMPLE, AUTHORS, and SEE ALSO.
+
+       The  following conventions apply to the SYNOPSIS section and can be used as
+       a guide in other sections.
+
+
+       bold text          type exactly as shown.
+       italic text        replace with appropriate argument.
+       [-abc]             any or all arguments within [ ] are optional.
+       -a|-b              options delimited by | cannot be used together.
+       argument ...       argument is repeatable.
+       [expression] ...   entire expression within [ ] is repeatable.
+
+       Exact rendering may vary depending on the output device.  For instance, man
+       will  usually not be able to render italics when running in a terminal, and
+       will typically use underlined or coloured text instead.
+
+       The command or function illustration is a pattern  that  should  match  all
+       possible  invocations.  In some cases it is advisable to illustrate several
+       exclusive invocations as is shown in the SYNOPSIS section  of  this  manual
+       page.
+
+EXAMPLES
+       man ls
+           Display the manual page for the item (program) ls.
+
+       man -a intro
+           Display,  in  succession,  all of the available intro manual pages con‐
+           tained within the manual.  It is possible to  quit  between  successive
+           displays or skip any of them.
+
+       man -t alias | lpr -Pps
+           Format  the  manual  page referenced by `alias', usually a shell manual
+           page, into the default troff or groff format and pipe it to the printer
+           named  ps.   The  default  output for groff is usually PostScript.  man
+           --help should advise as to which processor is bound to the -t option.
+
+       man -l -Tdvi ./foo.1x.gz > ./foo.1x.dvi
+           This command will decompress and format the nroff  source  manual  page
+           ./foo.1x.gz  into  a device independent (dvi) file.  The redirection is
+           necessary as the -T flag causes output to be directed to stdout with no
+           pager.   The output could be viewed with a program such as xdvi or fur‐
+           ther processed into PostScript using a program such as dvips.
+
+       man -k printf
+           Search the short descriptions and manual page  names  for  the  keyword
+           printf  as  regular  expression.  Print out any matches.  Equivalent to
+           apropos -r printf.
+
+       man -f smail
+           Lookup the manual pages referenced by smail and  print  out  the  short
+           descriptions of any found.  Equivalent to whatis -r smail.
+
+OVERVIEW
+       Many  options  are available to man in order to give as much flexibility as
+       possible to the user.  Changes can be made  to  the  search  path,  section
+       order,  output  processor,  and  other  behaviours  and operations detailed
+       below.
+
+       If set, various environment variables are  interrogated  to  determine  the
+       operation  of  man.  It is possible to set the `catch all' variable $MANOPT
+       to any string in command line format with the  exception  that  any  spaces
+       used  as  part of an option's argument must be escaped (preceded by a back‐
+       slash).  man will parse $MANOPT prior to  parsing  its  own  command  line.
+       Those  options requiring an argument will be overridden by the same options
+       found on the command line.  To reset all of the options set in $MANOPT,  -D
+       can  be  specified as the initial command line option.  This will allow man
+       to `forget' about the options specified in $MANOPT although they must still
+       have been valid.
+
+       The  manual  pager utilities packaged as man-db make extensive use of index
+       database caches.  These caches contain information such as where each  man‐
+       ual page can be found on the filesystem and what its whatis (short one line
+       description of the man page) contains, and allow man to run faster than  if
+       it  had  to  search the filesystem each time to find the appropriate manual
+       page.  If requested using the -u option, man will ensure  that  the  caches
+       remain  consistent,  which can obviate the need to manually run software to
+       update traditional whatis text databases.
+
+       If man cannot find a mandb initiated index database for a particular manual
+       page  hierarchy,  it  will  still  search  for  the requested manual pages,
+       although file globbing will be necessary to search within  that  hierarchy.
+       If whatis or apropos fails to find an index it will try to extract informa‐
+       tion from a traditional whatis database instead.
+
+       These utilities support compressed source nroff files having,  by  default,
+       the extensions of .Z, .z and .gz.  It is possible to deal with any compres‐
+       sion extension, but this information must be known at compile time.   Also,
+       by  default,  any  cat  pages  produced  are  compressed  using gzip.  Each
+       `global' manual page hierarchy such as /usr/share/man or /usr/X11R6/man may
+       have  any directory as its cat page hierarchy.  Traditionally the cat pages
+       are stored under the same hierarchy as the man pages, but for reasons  such
+       as  those  specified in the File Hierarchy Standard (FHS), it may be better
+       to store them elsewhere.  For details on how to do this, please  read  man‐
+       path(5).  For details on why to do this, read the standard.
+
+       International support is available with this package.  Native language man‐
+       ual pages are accessible (if available on your system) via  use  of  locale
+       functions.   To  activate  such  support,  it  is  necessary  to set either
+       $LC_MESSAGES, $LANG or another system  dependent  environment  variable  to
+       your language locale, usually specified in the POSIX 1003.1 based format:
+
+       <language>[_<territory>[.<character-set>[,<version>]]]
+
+       If  the  desired  page is available in your locale, it will be displayed in
+       lieu of the standard (usually American English) page.
+
+       Support for international message catalogues is also featured in this pack‐
+       age  and can be activated in the same way, again if available.  If you find
+       that the manual pages and message catalogues supplied with this package are
+       not  available  in  your native language and you would like to supply them,
+       please contact the maintainer who will be coordinating such activity.
+
+       For information regarding other features and extensions available with this
+       manual pager, please read the documents supplied with the package.
+
+DEFAULTS
+       man  will  search  for  the  desired manual pages within the index database
+       caches. If the -u option is given, a cache consistency check  is  performed
+       to  ensure the databases accurately reflect the filesystem.  If this option
+       is always given, it is not generally  necessary  to  run  mandb  after  the
+       caches are initially created, unless a cache becomes corrupt.  However, the
+       cache consistency check can be slow  on  systems  with  many  manual  pages
+       installed, so it is not performed by default, and system administrators may
+       wish to run mandb every week or so to keep the database caches  fresh.   To
+       forestall  problems  caused  by outdated caches, man will fall back to file
+       globbing if a cache lookup fails, just as it would if no cache was present.
+
+       Once a manual page has been located, a check is performed to find out if  a
+       relative preformatted `cat' file already exists and is newer than the nroff
+       file.  If it does and is, this preformatted file is (usually)  decompressed
+       and  then  displayed,  via use of a pager.  The pager can be specified in a
+       number of ways, or else will fall back to a default is used (see option  -P
+       for  details).   If  no  cat  is found or is older than the nroff file, the
+       nroff is filtered through various programs and is shown immediately.
+
+       If a cat file can be produced (a relative  cat  directory  exists  and  has
+       appropriate  permissions),  man will compress and store the cat file in the
+       background.
+
+       The filters are deciphered by a number of means. Firstly, the command  line
+       option  -p  or  the environment variable $MANROFFSEQ is interrogated. If -p
+       was not used and the environment variable was not set, the initial line  of
+       the  nroff  file  is  parsed for a preprocessor string.  To contain a valid
+       preprocessor string, the first line must resemble
+
+       '\" <string>
+
+       where string can be any combination  of  letters  described  by  option  -p
+       below.
+
+       If  none of the above methods provide any filter information, a default set
+       is used.
+
+       A formatting pipeline is formed from the filters and the primary  formatter
+       (nroff  or [tg]roff with -t) and executed.  Alternatively, if an executable
+       program mandb_nfmt (or mandb_tfmt with -t) exists in the man tree root,  it
+       is executed instead.  It gets passed the manual source file, the preproces‐
+       sor string, and optionally the device specified with -T or -E as arguments.
+
+OPTIONS
+       Non argument options that are duplicated either on  the  command  line,  in
+       $MANOPT,  or  both, are not harmful.  For options that require an argument,
+       each duplication will override the previous argument value.
+
+   General options
+       -C file, --config-file=file
+              Use this user configuration file rather than the default of  ~/.man‐
+              path.
+
+       -d, --debug
+              Print debugging information.
+
+       -D, --default
+              This  option  is normally issued as the very first option and resets
+              man's behaviour to its default.  Its use is to reset  those  options
+              that  may have been set in $MANOPT.  Any options that follow -D will
+              have their usual effect.
+
+       --warnings[=warnings]
+              Enable warnings from groff.  This may  be  used  to  perform  sanity
+              checks on the source text of manual pages.  warnings is a comma-sep‐
+              arated list of warning names; if it is not supplied, the default  is
+              "mac".   See  the “Warnings” node in info groff for a list of avail‐
+              able warning names.
+
+   Main modes of operation
+       -f, --whatis
+              Equivalent to whatis.  Display a short description from  the  manual
+              page, if available. See whatis(1) for details.
+
+       -k, --apropos
+              Equivalent  to  apropos.   Search the short manual page descriptions
+              for keywords and display any matches.  See apropos(1) for details.
+
+       -K, --global-apropos
+              Search for text in all manual pages.  This is a brute-force  search,
+              and  is  likely  to take some time; if you can, you should specify a
+              section to reduce the number of pages  that  need  to  be  searched.
+              Search terms may be simple strings (the default), or regular expres‐
+              sions if the --regex option is used.
+
+       -l, --local-file
+              Activate `local'  mode.   Format  and  display  local  manual  files
+              instead  of  searching through the system's manual collection.  Each
+              manual page argument will be interpreted as an nroff source file  in
+              the  correct  format.  No cat file is produced.  If '-' is listed as
+              one of the arguments, input will be taken  from  stdin.   When  this
+              option  is not used, and man fails to find the page required, before
+              displaying the error message, it attempts to act as if  this  option
+              was  supplied, using the name as a filename and looking for an exact
+              match.
+
+       -w, --where, --path, --location
+              Don't actually display the manual pages,  but  do  print  the  loca‐
+              tion(s) of the source nroff files that would be formatted.
+
+       -W, --where-cat, --location-cat
+              Don't  actually  display  the  manual  pages, but do print the loca‐
+              tion(s) of the cat files that would be displayed.  If -w and -W  are
+              both specified, print both separated by a space.
+
+       -c, --catman
+              This  option  is  not for general use and should only be used by the
+              catman program.
+
+       -R encoding, --recode=encoding
+              Instead of formatting the manual page in the usual way,  output  its
+              source converted to the specified encoding.  If you already know the
+              encoding of the source file, you can also use  manconv(1)  directly.
+              However, this option allows you to convert several manual pages to a
+              single encoding without having to explicitly state the  encoding  of
+              each, provided that they were already installed in a structure simi‐
+              lar to a manual page hierarchy.
+
+   Finding manual pages
+       -L locale, --locale=locale
+              man will normally determine your current locale by a call to  the  C
+              function  setlocale(3)  which interrogates various environment vari‐
+              ables, possibly including $LC_MESSAGES and  $LANG.   To  temporarily
+              override  the  determined  value, use this option to supply a locale
+              string directly to man.  Note that it will not take effect until the
+              search  for  pages actually begins.  Output such as the help message
+              will always be displayed in the initially determined locale.
+
+       -m system[,...], --systems=system[,...]
+              If this system has access to other operating system's manual  pages,
+              they can be accessed using this option.  To search for a manual page
+              from NewOS's manual page collection, use the option -m NewOS.
+
+              The system specified can be a combination of comma delimited operat‐
+              ing  system names.  To include a search of the native operating sys‐
+              tem's manual pages, include the system  name  man  in  the  argument
+              string.  This option will override the $SYSTEM environment variable.
+
+       -M path, --manpath=path
+              Specify  an  alternate manpath to use.  By default, man uses manpath
+              derived code to determine the path to search.  This option overrides
+              the  $MANPATH  environment  variable  and  causes  option  -m  to be
+              ignored.
+
+              A path specified as a manpath must be the  root  of  a  manual  page
+              hierarchy structured into sections as described in the man-db manual
+              (under "The manual page system").  To view manual pages outside such
+              hierarchies, see the -l option.
+
+       -S list, -s list, --sections=list
+              List  is a colon- or comma-separated list of `order specific' manual
+              sections to search.  This option overrides the $MANSECT  environment
+              variable.  (The -s spelling is for compatibility with System V.)
+
+       -e sub-extension, --extension=sub-extension
+              Some  systems  incorporate  large  packages of manual pages, such as
+              those that accompany the Tcl package,  into  the  main  manual  page
+              hierarchy.   To  get  around  the problem of having two manual pages
+              with the same name such as exit(3), the Tcl pages were  usually  all
+              assigned  to  section l.  As this is unfortunate, it is now possible
+              to put the pages in the correct section, and to  assign  a  specific
+              `extension'  to them, in this case, exit(3tcl).  Under normal opera‐
+              tion, man will display exit(3)  in  preference  to  exit(3tcl).   To
+              negotiate  this  situation and to avoid having to know which section
+              the page you require resides in, it is now possible to  give  man  a
+              sub-extension  string  indicating which package the page must belong
+              to.  Using the above example, supplying the  option  -e tcl  to  man
+              will restrict the search to pages having an extension of *tcl.
+
+       -i, --ignore-case
+              Ignore case when searching for manual pages.  This is the default.
+
+       -I, --match-case
+              Search for manual pages case-sensitively.
+
+       --regex
+              Show all pages with any part of either their names or their descrip‐
+              tions matching each page argument as a regular expression,  as  with
+              apropos(1).   Since  there  is  usually  no reasonable way to pick a
+              "best" page when searching for a  regular  expression,  this  option
+              implies -a.
+
+       --wildcard
+              Show all pages with any part of either their names or their descrip‐
+              tions matching each page argument using  shell-style  wildcards,  as
+              with apropos(1) --wildcard.  The page argument must match the entire
+              name or description, or match on word boundaries in the description.
+              Since  there is usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" page when
+              searching for a wildcard, this option implies -a.
+
+       --names-only
+              If the --regex or --wildcard option is used, match only page  names,
+              not page descriptions, as with whatis(1).  Otherwise, no effect.
+
+       -a, --all
+              By  default, man will exit after displaying the most suitable manual
+              page it finds.  Using this option forces man to display all the man‐
+              ual pages with names that match the search criteria.
+
+       -u, --update
+              This option causes man to perform an `inode level' consistency check
+              on its database caches to ensure that they are an accurate represen‐
+              tation  of the filesystem.  It will only have a useful effect if man
+              is installed with the setuid bit set.
+
+       --no-subpages
+              By default, man will try to interpret pairs  of  manual  page  names
+              given on the command line as equivalent to a single manual page name
+              containing a hyphen or an underscore.  This supports the common pat‐
+              tern  of  programs  that implement a number of subcommands, allowing
+              them to provide manual pages for each that  can  be  accessed  using
+              similar  syntax  as  would  be  used to invoke the subcommands them‐
+              selves.  For example:
+
+                $ man -aw git diff
+                /usr/share/man/man1/git-diff.1.gz
+
+              To disable this behaviour, use the --no-subpages option.
+
+                $ man -aw --no-subpages git diff
+                /usr/share/man/man1/git.1.gz
+                /usr/share/man/man3/Git.3pm.gz
+                /usr/share/man/man1/diff.1.gz
+
+   Controlling formatted output
+       -P pager, --pager=pager
+              Specify which output pager to use.  By default, man uses  pager  -s.
+              This  option  overrides the $MANPAGER environment variable, which in
+              turn overrides the $PAGER environment variable.  It is not  used  in
+              conjunction with -f or -k.
+
+              The  value may be a simple command name or a command with arguments,
+              and may use shell quoting (backslashes,  single  quotes,  or  double
+              quotes).   It may not use pipes to connect multiple commands; if you
+              need that, use a wrapper script, which may take the file to  display
+              either as an argument or on standard input.
+
+       -r prompt, --prompt=prompt
+              If  a  recent version of less is used as the pager, man will attempt
+              to set its prompt and some sensible  options.   The  default  prompt
+              looks like
+
+               Manual page name(sec) line x
+
+              where  name denotes the manual page name, sec denotes the section it
+              was found under and x the current line number.  This is achieved  by
+              using the $LESS environment variable.
+
+              Supplying  -r  with a string will override this default.  The string
+              may contain the text $MAN_PN which will be expanded to the  name  of
+              the  current  manual page and its section name surrounded by `(' and
+              `)'.  The string used to produce the default could be expressed as
+
+              \ Manual\ page\ \$MAN_PN\ ?ltline\ %lt?L/%L.:
+              byte\ %bB?s/%s..?\ (END):?pB\ %pB\\%..
+              (press h for help or q to quit)
+
+              It is broken into three lines here for the sake of readability only.
+              For  its  meaning see the less(1) manual page.  The prompt string is
+              first evaluated by the shell.  All double  quotes,  back-quotes  and
+              backslashes  in the prompt must be escaped by a preceding backslash.
+              The prompt string may end in an escaped $ which may be  followed  by
+              further options for less.  By default man sets the -ix8 options.
+
+              The $MANLESS environment variable described below may be used to set
+              a default prompt string if none is supplied on the command line.
+
+       -7, --ascii
+              When viewing a pure ascii(7) manual page on a 7 bit terminal or ter‐
+              minal emulator, some characters may not display correctly when using
+              the latin1(7) device description with GNU nroff.  This option allows
+              pure  ascii  manual  pages  to be displayed in ascii with the latin1
+              device.  It will not translate any latin1 text.  The following table
+              shows  the translations performed: some parts of it may only be dis‐
+              played properly when using GNU nroff's latin1(7) device.
+
+
+              Description        Octal   latin1   ascii
+              ──────────────────────────────────────────
+              continuation        255      ‐        -
+              hyphen
+              bullet   (middle    267      ·        o
+              dot)
+              acute accent        264      ´        '
+              multiplication      327      ×        x
+              sign
+
+              If the latin1 column displays correctly, your terminal may be set up
+              for latin1 characters and this option  is  not  necessary.   If  the
+              latin1  and  ascii  columns are identical, you are reading this page
+              using this option or man did not format this page using  the  latin1
+              device description.  If the latin1 column is missing or corrupt, you
+              may need to view manual pages with this option.
+
+              This option is ignored when using options -t, -H, -T, or -Z and  may
+              be useless for nroff other than GNU's.
+
+       -E encoding, --encoding=encoding
+              Generate  output  for  a  character encoding other than the default.
+              For backward compatibility, encoding may be an nroff device such  as
+              ascii,  latin1, or utf8 as well as a true character encoding such as
+              UTF-8.
+
+       --no-hyphenation, --nh
+              Normally, nroff will automatically hyphenate  text  at  line  breaks
+              even  in words that do not contain hyphens, if it is necessary to do
+              so to lay out words on  a  line  without  excessive  spacing.   This
+              option disables automatic hyphenation, so words will only be hyphen‐
+              ated if they already contain hyphens.
+
+              If you are writing a manual page and simply want  to  prevent  nroff
+              from  hyphenating  a word at an inappropriate point, do not use this
+              option, but consult the nroff documentation instead;  for  instance,
+              you can put "\%" inside a word to indicate that it may be hyphenated
+              at that point, or put "\%" at the start of a word to prevent it from
+              being hyphenated.
+
+       --no-justification, --nj
+              Normally,  nroff  will  automatically  justify text to both margins.
+              This option disables full justification, leaving justified  only  to
+              the left margin, sometimes called "ragged-right" text.
+
+              If  you  are  writing a manual page and simply want to prevent nroff
+              from justifying certain paragraphs, do not use this option, but con‐
+              sult  the nroff documentation instead; for instance, you can use the
+              ".na", ".nf", ".fi",  and  ".ad"  requests  to  temporarily  disable
+              adjusting and filling.
+
+       -p string, --preprocessor=string
+              Specify  the  sequence  of  preprocessors  to  run  before  nroff or
+              troff/groff.  Not all installations will have a  full  set  of  pre‐
+              processors.   Some of the preprocessors and the letters used to des‐
+              ignate them are: eqn (e), grap (g), pic (p), tbl  (t),  vgrind  (v),
+              refer  (r).  This option overrides the $MANROFFSEQ environment vari‐
+              able.  zsoelim is always run as the very first preprocessor.
+
+       -t, --troff
+              Use groff -mandoc to format the manual page to stdout.  This  option
+              is not required in conjunction with -H, -T, or -Z.
+
+       -T[device], --troff-device[=device]
+              This  option is used to change groff (or possibly troff's) output to
+              be suitable for a device other than the  default.   It  implies  -t.
+              Examples  (provided  with Groff-1.17) include dvi, latin1, ps, utf8,
+              X75 and X100.
+
+       -H[browser], --html[=browser]
+              This option will cause groff to produce HTML output, and  will  dis‐
+              play  that output in a web browser.  The choice of browser is deter‐
+              mined by the optional browser argument if one is  provided,  by  the
+              $BROWSER  environment variable, or by a compile-time default if that
+              is unset (usually lynx).  This option implies -t, and will only work
+              with GNU troff.
+
+       -X[dpi], --gxditview[=dpi]
+              This option displays the output of groff in a graphical window using
+              the gxditview program.  The dpi (dots per inch) may  be  75,  75-12,
+              100,  or  100-12,  defaulting to 75; the -12 variants use a 12-point
+              base font.  This option implies -T with the X75,  X75-12,  X100,  or
+              X100-12 device respectively.
+
+       -Z, --ditroff
+              groff  will  run troff and then use an appropriate post-processor to
+              produce output suitable for the chosen device.  If groff -mandoc  is
+              groff, this option is passed to groff and will suppress the use of a
+              post-processor.  It implies -t.
+
+   Getting help
+       -?, --help
+              Print a help message and exit.
+
+       --usage
+              Print a short usage message and exit.
+
+       -V, --version
+              Display version information.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+       0      Successful program execution.
+
+       1      Usage, syntax or configuration file error.
+
+       2      Operational error.
+
+       3      A child process returned a non-zero exit status.
+
+       16     At least one of the  pages/files/keywords  didn't  exist  or  wasn't
+              matched.
+
+ENVIRONMENT
+       MANPATH
+              If $MANPATH is set, its value is used as the path to search for man‐
+              ual pages.
+
+       MANROFFOPT
+              The contents of $MANROFFOPT are added to the command line every time
+              man invokes the formatter (nroff, troff, or groff).
+
+       MANROFFSEQ
+              If  $MANROFFSEQ  is  set,  its value is used to determine the set of
+              preprocessors to pass each manual page through.   The  default  pre‐
+              processor list is system dependent.
+
+       MANSECT
+              If  $MANSECT is set, its value is a colon-delimited list of sections
+              and it is used to determine which manual sections to search  and  in
+              what  order.   The  default is "1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 5 4 9 6
+              7", unless overridden by the SECTION directive in  /etc/manpath.con‐
+              fig.
+
+       MANPAGER, PAGER
+              If $MANPAGER or $PAGER is set ($MANPAGER is used in preference), its
+              value is used as the name of the program used to display the  manual
+              page.  By default, pager -s is used.
+
+              The  value may be a simple command name or a command with arguments,
+              and may use shell quoting (backslashes,  single  quotes,  or  double
+              quotes).   It may not use pipes to connect multiple commands; if you
+              need that, use a wrapper script, which may take the file to  display
+              either as an argument or on standard input.
+
+       MANLESS
+              If  $MANLESS  is  set,  its value will be used as the default prompt
+              string for the less pager, as if it had been  passed  using  the  -r
+              option  (so  any occurrences of the text $MAN_PN will be expanded in
+              the same way).  For example, if you want to set  the  prompt  string
+              unconditionally   to   “my   prompt   string”,   set   $MANLESS   to
+              ‘-Psmy prompt string’.  Using the -r option overrides this  environ‐
+              ment variable.
+
+       BROWSER
+              If $BROWSER is set, its value is a colon-delimited list of commands,
+              each of which in turn is used to try to start a web browser for  man
+              --html.   In  each  command, %s is replaced by a filename containing
+              the HTML output from groff, %% is replaced by a single percent  sign
+              (%), and %c is replaced by a colon (:).
+
+       SYSTEM If  $SYSTEM  is  set, it will have the same effect as if it had been
+              specified as the argument to the -m option.
+
+       MANOPT If $MANOPT is set, it will be parsed prior to man's command line and
+              is expected to be in a similar format.  As all of the other man spe‐
+              cific  environment  variables  can  be  expressed  as  command  line
+              options, and are thus candidates for being included in $MANOPT it is
+              expected that they will  become  obsolete.   N.B.  All  spaces  that
+              should  be  interpreted  as  part  of  an  option's argument must be
+              escaped.
+
+       MANWIDTH
+              If $MANWIDTH is set, its value is used as the line length for  which
+              manual  pages  should  be formatted.  If it is not set, manual pages
+              will be formatted with a line length appropriate to the current ter‐
+              minal  (using  an  ioctl(2)  if available, the value of $COLUMNS, or
+              falling back to 80 characters if neither is available).   Cat  pages
+              will  only be saved when the default formatting can be used, that is
+              when the terminal line length is between 66 and 80 characters.
+
+       MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING
+              Normally, when output is not being directed to a terminal  (such  as
+              to a file or a pipe), formatting characters are discarded to make it
+              easier to read  the  result  without  special  tools.   However,  if
+              $MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING is set to any non-empty value, these formatting
+              characters are retained.  This may be useful for wrappers around man
+              that can interpret formatting characters.
+
+       MAN_KEEP_STDERR
+              Normally,  when output is being directed to a terminal (usually to a
+              pager), any error output from the command used to produce  formatted
+              versions  of manual pages is discarded to avoid interfering with the
+              pager's display.  Programs such as groff  often  produce  relatively
+              minor  error  messages  about  typographical  problems  such as poor
+              alignment, which are unsightly and  generally  confusing  when  dis‐
+              played  along with the manual page.  However, some users want to see
+              them anyway, so, if $MAN_KEEP_STDERR is set to any non-empty  value,
+              error output will be displayed as usual.
+
+       LANG, LC_MESSAGES
+              Depending  on system and implementation, either or both of $LANG and
+              $LC_MESSAGES will be interrogated for the  current  message  locale.
+              man  will  display  its messages in that locale (if available).  See
+              setlocale(3) for precise details.
+
+FILES
+       /etc/manpath.config
+              man-db configuration file.
+
+       /usr/share/man
+              A global manual page hierarchy.
+
+       /usr/share/man/index.(bt|db|dir|pag)
+              A traditional global index database cache.
+
+       /var/cache/man/index.(bt|db|dir|pag)
+              An FHS compliant global index database cache.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       apropos(1), groff(1), less(1), manpath(1), nroff(1),  troff(1),  whatis(1),
+       zsoelim(1),  setlocale(3),  manpath(5),  ascii(7),  latin1(7), man(7), cat‐
+       man(8), mandb(8), the man-db package manual, FSSTND
+
+HISTORY
+       1990, 1991 - Originally written by John W. Eaton (jwe@che.utexas.edu).
+
+       Dec 23 1992: Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) applied  bug  fixes  supplied  by
+       Willem Kasdorp (wkasdo@nikhefk.nikef.nl).
+
+       30th April 1994 - 23rd February 2000: Wilf. (G.Wilford@ee.surrey.ac.uk) has
+       been developing and maintaining this package with the help of a  few  dedi‐
+       cated people.
+
+       30th October 1996 - 30th March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco <fpolacco@debian.org>
+       maintained and enhanced this package for the Debian project, with the  help
+       of all the community.
+
+       31st  March  2001  - present day: Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> is now
+       developing and maintaining man-db.
+
+
+
+2.6.7.1                             2014-04-10                              MAN(1)